Graphical summary. Credit: Cell (2022). DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.005
A examine of mice discovered that dietary sugar alters the intestine microbiome, setting off a series of occasions that results in metabolic illness, pre-diabetes, and weight acquire.
The findings, printed at the moment in Cell, counsel that food regimen issues, however an optimum microbiome is equally necessary for the prevention of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and weight problems.
Diet alters microbiome
A Western-style high-fat, high-sugar food regimen can result in weight problems, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, however how the food regimen kickstarts unhealthy modifications within the physique is unknown.
The intestine microbiome is indispensable for an animal’s vitamin, so Ivalyo Ivanov, Ph.D., affiliate professor of microbiology & immunology at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and his colleagues investigated the preliminary results of the Western-style food regimen on the microbiome of mice.
After 4 weeks on the food regimen, the animals confirmed traits of metabolic syndrome, akin to weight acquire, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. And their microbiomes had modified dramatically, with the quantity of segmented filamentous micro organism—widespread within the intestine microbiota of rodents, fish, and chickens—falling sharply and different micro organism growing in abundance.
Microbiome modifications alter Th17 cells
The discount in filamentous micro organism, the researchers discovered, was essential to the animals’ well being by its impact on Th17 immune cells. The drop in filamentous micro organism diminished the variety of Th17 cells within the intestine, and additional experiments revealed that it is the Th17 cells which can be obligatory to forestall metabolic illness, diabetes, and weight acquire.
“These immune cells produce molecules that decelerate the absorption of ‘dangerous’ lipids from the intestines they usually lower intestinal irritation,” Ivanov says. “In different phrases, they preserve the intestine wholesome and shield the physique from absorbing pathogenic lipids.”
Sugar vs. fats
What part of the high-fat, high-sugar food regimen led to those modifications? Ivanov’s staff discovered that sugar was guilty.
“Sugar eliminates the filamentous micro organism, and the protecting Th17 cells disappear as a consequence,” says Ivanov. “When we fed mice a sugar-free, high-fat food regimen, they preserve the intestinal Th17 cells and have been utterly protected against growing weight problems and pre-diabetes, though they ate the identical variety of energy.”
But eliminating sugar didn’t assist all mice. Among these missing any filamentous micro organism to start with, elimination of sugar didn’t have a useful impact, and the animals grew to become overweight and developed diabetes.
“This means that some widespread dietary interventions, akin to minimizing sugars, might solely work in individuals who have sure bacterial populations inside their microbiota,” Ivanov says.
In these instances, sure probiotics could be useful. In Ivanov’s mice, dietary supplements of filamentous micro organism led to the restoration of Th17 cells and safety in opposition to metabolic syndrome, regardless of the animals’ consumption of a high-fat food regimen.
Though individuals wouldn’t have the identical filamentous micro organism as mice, Ivanov thinks that different micro organism in individuals might have the identical protecting results.
Providing Th17 cells to the mice additionally offered safety and can also be therapeutic for individuals. “Microbiota are necessary, however the true safety comes from the Th17 cells induced by the micro organism,” Ivanov says.
“Our examine emphasizes {that a} advanced interplay between food regimen, microbiota, and the immune system performs a key position within the growth of weight problems, metabolic syndrome, kind 2 diabetes, and different circumstances,” Ivanov says. “It means that for optimum well being it is vital not solely to change your food regimen but additionally enhance your microbiome or intestinal immune system, for instance, by growing Th17 cell-inducing micro organism.”
A low-calorie food regimen alters the intestine microbiome and delays immune ageing
More data:
Yoshinaga Kawano et al, Microbiota imbalance induced by dietary sugar disrupts immune-mediated safety from metabolic syndrome, Cell (2022). DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.005
Journal data:
Cell
Provided by
Columbia University Irving Medical Center
Citation:
Sugar disrupts microbiome, eliminates safety in opposition to weight problems and diabetes (2022, August 29)
retrieved 29 August 2022
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